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Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.
Weathering can make the differences even more clear. Lamination can occur as parallel structures (parallel lamination) or in different sets that make an angle with each other (cross-lamination). It can occur in many different types of sedimentary rock, from coarse sandstone to fine shales, mudstones or in evaporites.
Although joints can occur singly, they most frequently appear as joint sets and systems. A joint set is a family of parallel, evenly spaced joints that can be identified through mapping and analysis of their orientations, spacing, and physical properties. A joint system consists of two or more intersecting joint sets. [1] [2] [3]
Cross-bedding forms during deposition on the inclined surfaces of bedforms such as ripples and dunes; it indicates that the depositional environment contained a flowing medium (typically water or wind). Examples of these bedforms are ripples, dunes, anti-dunes, sand waves, hummocks, bars, and delta slopes. [1]
Intersection lineations are measured in relation to the two structures which intersect to form them. For instance, according to the measurement conventions of structural geology , original bedding, S 0 intersected by a fold's axial plane foliation, forms an intersection lineation L 0-1 , with an azimuth and plunge defined by the fold.
Long parallel lines will cover the rock and show the appearance of something having been dragged along the top of it. Although striations can form on any sort of rock, they are usually present on more stable bedrock such as quartzite or granite where erosion processes are more readily preserved. [ 6 ]
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Weathering: the chemical or physical forces breaking apart the solid materials that are potentially transported. Erosion: The movement of material due to weathering forces that have freed materials for movement. Deposition: The material settles on a horizontal plane either through chemical or physical precipitation.