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Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.
Weathering: the chemical or physical forces breaking apart the solid materials that are potentially transported. Erosion: The movement of material due to weathering forces that have freed materials for movement. Deposition: The material settles on a horizontal plane either through chemical or physical precipitation.
A joint system consists of two or more intersecting joint sets. [1] [2] [3] The distinction between joints and faults hinges on the terms visible or measurable, a difference that depends on the scale of observation. Faults differ from joints in that they exhibit visible or measurable lateral movement between the opposite surfaces of the ...
Cross-bedding forms during deposition on the inclined surfaces of bedforms such as ripples and dunes; it indicates that the depositional environment contained a flowing medium (typically water or wind). Examples of these bedforms are ripples, dunes, anti-dunes, sand waves, hummocks, bars, and delta slopes. [1]
Sedimentary structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition.. Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized by bedding, which occurs when layers of sediment, with different particle sizes are deposited on top of each other. [1]
Intersection lineations are measured in relation to the two structures which intersect to form them. For instance, according to the measurement conventions of structural geology , original bedding, S 0 intersected by a fold's axial plane foliation, forms an intersection lineation L 0-1 , with an azimuth and plunge defined by the fold.
Cross-beds, or "sets," are not layered horizontally and are formed by a combination of local deposition on the inclined surfaces of ripples or dunes, and local erosion. Graded beds show a gradual change in grain or clast sizes from one side of the bed to the other. A normal grading occurs where there are larger grain sizes on the older side ...
Foliation, as it forms generally perpendicular to the direction of principal stress, records the direction of shortening. This is related to the axis of folds, which generally form an axial-planar foliation within their axial regions. Measurement of the intersection between a fold's axial plane and a surface on the fold will provide the fold ...