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2,2-Dimethylbutane, trivially known as neohexane at William Odling's 1876 suggestion, [4] is an organic compound with formula C 6 H 14 or (H 3 C-) 3-C-CH 2-CH 3. It is therefore an alkane , indeed the most compact and branched of the hexane isomers — the only one with a quaternary carbon and a butane (C 4 ) backbone.
Isobutyl chloride (1-chloro-2-methylpropane) is an organochlorine compound. It is a chlorinated derivative of isobutane. Synthesis
In Figure 6, 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane is stabilized through hyperconjugation from electron donation from σ C-H into σ* C-Cl, but both C–H and C–Cl bonds are weakened. A molecular orbital diagram shows that the mixing of σ C–H and σ* C–Cl in 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane lowers the energy of both the orbitals (Figure 7).
For example, the three isomers of xylene CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 3, commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para-forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. The cyclic structures can also be treated as functional groups themselves, in which case they take the prefix "cyclo alkyl -" (e.g. "cyclohexyl-") or for benzene, "phenyl-".
1-Chlorobutane is an alkyl halide with the chemical formula CH 3 (CH 2) 3 Cl. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. Preparation and reactions
3D structure A Newman projection is a drawing that helps visualize the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule. [ 1 ] This projection most commonly sights down a carbon-carbon bond, making it a very useful way to visualize the stereochemistry of alkanes.
The gauche effect is very sensitive to solvent effects, due to the large difference in polarity between the two conformers.For example, 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane, which in the solid state exists only in the gauche conformation, prefers the gauche conformer in benzene solution by a ratio of 79:21, but in carbon tetrachloride, it prefers the anti conformer by a ratio of 58:42. [9]
The traditional name isopentane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations, [5] [6] but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations. [1] The preferred IUPAC name is the systematic name 2-methylbutane. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3) 2.