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Oleyl alcohol / ˈ oʊ l i ˌ ɪ l, ˈ oʊ l i əl /, [1] or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, is an unsaturated fatty alcohol with the molecular formula C 18 H 36 O or the condensed structural formula CH 3 (CH 2) 7 −CH=CH−(CH 2) 8 OH. It is a colorless oil, mainly used in cosmetics.
Safflower and olive oil have one of the highest levels of oleic acid among dietary fats. Oleic acid is used as a component in many foods, in the form of its triglycerides. It is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Oleic acid as its sodium salt is a major component of soap as an emulsifying agent.
It is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) produced after ingestion of ethanol. Some research literature implicates FAEEs such as ethyl oleate as the toxic mediators of ethanol in the body (pancreas, liver, heart, and brain). [9] [10] Ethyl oleate may be the toxic mediator of alcohol in fetal alcohol syndrome. [9]
Under alcoholic conditions, the citric acid cycle is stalled by the oversupply of NADH derived from ethanol oxidation. The resulting backup of acetate shifts the reaction equilibrium for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase back towards acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde subsequently accumulates and begins to form covalent bonds with cellular macromolecules ...
Elaidic acid is the main trans unsaturated fatty acid often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. [44] Oleic acid is a cis unsaturated fatty acid making up 55–80% of olive oil. [45] Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in animal fats and is the intended product in full hydrogenation.
Most fatty alcohols in nature are found as waxes, which are esters of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. [1] They are produced by bacteria, plants and animals for purposes of buoyancy, as source of metabolic water and energy, biosonar lenses (marine mammals) and for thermal insulation in the form of waxes (in plants and insects). [3]
For instance, triolein, a triglyceride occurring in many fats and oils, has three oleic acid residues esterified to a molecule of glycerol with a total MW of 885.4 (g / mol). Therefore, its SV equals 190 mg KOH / g sample. [9] In comparison, trilaurin with three shorter fatty acid residues (lauric acid) has a MW of 639 and an SV of 263.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. [124] Excessive alcohol use can lead to health-related illness and continuous alcohol engagement can ultimately lead to death.