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  2. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    A "refractory" gold ore is an ore that has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated throughout its gold occluded minerals. These ores are naturally resistant to recovery by standard cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. These refractory ores require pre-treatment in order for cyanidation to be effective in recovery of the gold. A ...

  3. Pressure oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_oxidation

    Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore. The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [1] The pressure oxidation process is used to prepare such ores for ...

  4. Bacterial oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_oxidation

    The bacterial oxidation process comprises contacting refractory sulfide ROM ore or concentrate with a strain of the bacterial culture for a suitable treatment period under an optimum operating environment. The bacteria oxidise the sulfide minerals, thus liberating the occluded gold for subsequent recovery via cyanidation.

  5. Getchell Mine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getchell_Mine

    The refractory gold ore is treated by pressure oxidation technology at the Twin Creeks Sage autoclave and gold recovered using conventional carbon-in-leach technology. [2] [4] The gold deposit is a sediment-hosted disseminated Carlin–type deposit, with sub-micron sized gold distributed in pyrite and marcasite. [1]

  6. Refractory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory

    Refractory bricks in a torpedo car used for hauling molten iron. In materials science, a refractory (or refractory material) is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. [1]

  7. Wiluna Gold Mine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiluna_Gold_Mine

    Wiluna Mines installed a Biox processing plant, which is a pretreatment process for refractory gold ores or concentrates, using naturally occurring bacteria to break down the sulphide ore and liberate the gold for subsequent cyanidation. The advantage of the Biox process is its environmental friendliness, whereas disadvantages include the ...

  8. Arsenopyrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenopyrite

    Arsenopyrite also can be associated with significant amounts of gold. Consequently, it serves as an indicator of gold bearing reefs. Consequently, it serves as an indicator of gold bearing reefs. Many arsenopyrite gold ores are refractory , i.e. the gold is not easily cyanide leached from the mineral matrix.

  9. Refractory metals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_metals

    Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science , metallurgy and engineering . The definition of which elements belong to this group differs.