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  2. Anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_gap

    A low anion gap is often due to hypoalbuminemia. Albumin is an anionic protein and its loss results in the retention of other negatively charged ions such as chloride and bicarbonate . As bicarbonate and chloride anions are used to calculate the anion gap, there is a subsequent decrease.

  3. Urine anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_anion_gap

    Urine NH 4 + is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH 4 + excretion. In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap: A positive urine anion gap suggests a low urinary NH 4 + (e.g. renal tubular acidosis).

  4. Delta ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Ratio

    The anion gap (AG) without potassium is calculated first and if a metabolic acidosis is present, results in either a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) or a normal anion gap acidosis (NAGMA). A low anion gap is usually an oddity of measurement, rather than a clinical concern.

  5. Base excess - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excess

    The serum anion gap is useful for determining whether a base deficit is caused by addition of acid or loss of bicarbonate. Base deficit with elevated anion gap indicates addition of acid (e.g., ketoacidosis). Base deficit with normal anion gap indicates loss of bicarbonate (e.g., diarrhea).

  6. Metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis

    Elevated protein (albumin, globulins) may theoretically increase the anion gap but high levels are not usually encountered clinically. Hypoalbuminaemia, which is frequently encountered clinically, will mask an anion gap. As a rule of thumb, a decrease in serum albumin by 1 G/L will decrease the anion gap by 0.25 mmol/L [citation needed]

  7. Hypoalbuminemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminemia

    Hypoalbuminemia (or hypoalbuminaemia) is a medical sign in which the level of albumin in the blood is low. [1] This can be due to decreased production in the liver, increased loss in the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, increased use in the body, or abnormal distribution between body compartments.

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  9. Normal anion gap acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_anion_gap_acidosis

    Hyperparathyroidism – can cause hyperchloremia and increase renal bicarbonate loss, which may result in a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Patients with hyperparathyroidism may have a lower than normal pH, slightly decreased PaCO2 due to respiratory compensation, a decreased bicarbonate level, and a normal anion gap. [3]