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The economic value of physical outputs minus the economic value of physical inputs is the income generated by the production process. By keeping the prices fixed between two periods under review we get the income change generated by a change of the production function.
Two input Leontief Production Function with isoquants. In economics, the Leontief production function or fixed proportions production function is a production function that implies the factors of production which will be used in fixed (technologically predetermined) proportions, as there is no substitutability between factors.
In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, goods and services. The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function .
The production theory states that a business will strive to employ the cheapest combination of inputs to produce the quantity demanded. The production function can be described in its simplest form by the function = [,] where Q denotes the firm's production, L is the variable inputs and K is the fixed inputs. [18]
In economics, an input–output model is a quantitative economic model that represents the interdependencies between different sectors of a national economy or different regional economies. [1] Wassily Leontief (1906–1999) is credited with developing this type of analysis and earned the Nobel Prize in Economics for his development of this model.
While considered "hard" inputs, like labour and assets, diminishing returns would hold true. In the modern accounting era where inputs can be traced back to movements of financial capital, the same case may reflect constant, or increasing returns. It is necessary to be clear of the "fine structure" [4] of the inputs before proceeding.
The area of economics that focuses on production is called production theory, and it is closely related to the consumption (or consumer) theory of economics. [ 2 ] The production process and output directly result from productively utilising the original inputs (or factors of production ). [ 3 ]
The optimal combination of inputs is the least-cost combination of inputs for desired level of output when all inputs are variable. [7] Once the decisions are made and implemented and production begins, the firm is operating in the short-run with fixed and variable inputs.