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The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis by regulating the pH of the blood plasma. Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced. Acids are divided into "volatile acids" [12] and "nonvolatile acids". [13] See also titratable acid. The major homeostatic control point for maintaining
Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms: (1) the secretion of H + ions into the urine (from the blood) and (2) the reabsorption of bicarbonate ...
This principle is exploited to regulate the pH of the extracellular fluids (rather than just buffering the pH). For the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer , a molar ratio of weak acid to weak base of 1:20 produces a pH of 7.4; and vice versa—when the pH of the extracellular fluids is 7.4 then the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ions in ...
Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid–base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. Depending on its location, the role of the enzyme changes slightly. For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. In the kidney, the control of bicarbonate ions influences the water content of the cell.
Bicarbonate concentration is also further regulated by renal compensation, the process by which the kidneys regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions by secreting H + ions into the urine while, at the same time, reabsorbing HCO − 3 ions into the blood plasma, or vice versa, depending on whether the plasma pH is falling or rising ...
Kidney function is tested by using blood tests and urine tests. The most common blood tests are creatinine , urea and electrolytes . Urine tests such as urinalysis can evaluate for pH, protein, glucose, and the presence of blood.
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The kidneys play a key role in maintaining a constant level of acid-base balance in mammals. [30] In the glomeruli, HCO 3-is completely filtered into primary urine. [149] To maintain a constant pH, the kidneys reabsorb almost all of the HCO 3-from primary urine back into the bloodstream and secrete H + into the urine, oxidizing the urine. [150]