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Europe has endured thanks in part to Ms. Merkel’s pragmatic stewardship, but it has been battered by crises during her entire time in office. [174] Russia began an invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. It is the largest conventional military attack in Europe since World ...
The European miracle theory purports that the European nuclear family, with women marrying late and having few children, Europe's population was better controlled than in the rest of the world, which "multiplied insensately." [1] Europe was thus not vulnerable to Malthusian Crises and so could form a progressive capitalist society.
The Great Divergence or European miracle is the socioeconomic shift in which the Western world (i.e. Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilizations, eclipsing previously ...
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Europe's borders were largely stable. 1708 map by Herman Moll.. International relations from 1648 to 1814 covers the major interactions of the nations of Europe, as well as the other continents, with emphasis on diplomacy, warfare, migration, and cultural interactions, from the Peace of Westphalia to the Congress of Vienna.
As a leading advocate of the history of the Atlantic world, Bailyn has since 1995 organized an annual international seminar at Harvard designed to promote scholarship in this field. [5] Professor Bailyn was the promoter of "The International Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World, 1500-1825" at Harvard University. This was one of the ...
To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949 is a book on the history of Europe, written by Ian Kershaw. An installment in The Penguin History of Europe series, it spans the period from the outbreak of World War I until the aftermath of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. Kershaw refers to the 35-year period as "Europe's era of self ...
European powers also began colonizing large parts of the world through maritime empires: first the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, then the French, English, and Dutch Empires. [371] Historians still debate the causes of Europe's rise, which is known as the Great Divergence. [372]
The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around AD 1500 (by historiographical convention).