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Soil also has carbon sequestration abilities where carbon dioxide is fixed in the soil by plant uptakes. [16] This accounts for the majority of the soil organic matter (SOM) in the ground, and creates a large storage pool (around 1500 Pg) for carbon in just the first few meters of soil and 20-40% of that organic carbon has a residence life ...
Soil aggregation can physically protect organic carbon from decay by soil microbes. [19] More aggregate formation can result in more soil carbon storage. There is much evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase soil aggregate formation, and that aggregate formation may be mediated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal protein glomalin. [20]
However, not all of the carbon released during decomposition is immediately lost to the atmosphere; a significant portion is retained in the soil through processes collectively known as soil carbon sequestration. Soil microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi, play a pivotal role in this process by incorporating decomposed organic carbon into ...
The technical term for this is carbon sequestration. The overall goal of carbon farming is to create a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere. [85] This is done by increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. One option is to increase the soil's organic matter content.
In particular, microbial carbon sequestration represents an underrepresented aspect of soil carbon flux that the microbial carbon pump model attempts to address. [17] A related area of uncertainty is how the type of plant-derived carbon enhances microbial soil organic carbon storage or alternatively accelerates soil organic carbon decomposition ...
Plant roots may exude 20–40% of the sugars and organic acids—photosynthetically fixed carbon. [11] Plant root exudates, such as organic acids, change the chemical structure and the biological communities of the rhizosphere in comparison with the bulk soil or parent soil.
This is 3.3 times the amount of the atmospheric pool at 750 gigatons and 4.5 times the biotic pool at 560 gigatons. The pool of organic carbon, which occurs primarily in the form of SOM, accounts for approximately 1,550 gigatons of the total global carbon pool, [14] [15] with soil inorganic
Part of the net primary production, or the remaining carbon absorbed by the biosphere, is emitted back into the atmosphere through fires and heterotrophic respiration. The rest is converted into soil organic carbon, which is released more slowly, or "inert" dissolved carbon, which can remain in the biosphere for an unknown period of time. [3]