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  2. Ciphertext - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext

    Polygraphic substitution cipher: the unit of substitution is a sequence of two or more letters rather than just one (e.g., Playfair cipher) Transposition cipher: the ciphertext is a permutation of the plaintext (e.g., rail fence cipher) Historical ciphers are not generally used as a standalone encryption technique because they are quite easy to ...

  3. Unicity distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicity_distance

    In cryptography, unicity distance is the length of an original ciphertext needed to break the cipher by reducing the number of possible spurious keys to zero in a brute force attack. That is, after trying every possible key , there should be just one decipherment that makes sense, i.e. expected amount of ciphertext needed to determine the key ...

  4. Transposition cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_cipher

    The Rail Fence cipher is a form of transposition cipher that gets its name from the way in which it is encoded. In the rail fence cipher, the plaintext is written downward and diagonally on successive "rails" of an imaginary fence, then moves up when it gets to the bottom. The message is then read off in rows.

  5. Beaufort cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_cipher

    Due to the similarities between the Beaufort cipher and the Vigenère cipher it is possible, after applying a transformation, to solve it as a Vigenère cipher. By replacing every letter in the ciphertext and key with its opposite letter (such that 'a' becomes 'z', 'b' becomes 'y' etc.; i.e. an Atbash -transformation) it can be solved like a ...

  6. One-time pad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_pad

    A format of one-time pad used by the U.S. National Security Agency, code named DIANA.The table on the right is an aid for converting between plaintext and ciphertext using the characters at left as the key.

  7. Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher

    Edward Larsson's rune cipher resembling that found on the Kensington Runestone.Also includes runically unrelated blackletter writing style and pigpen cipher.. In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.

  8. KG-84 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KG-84

    The KG-84C contains all of the KG-84 and KG-84A modes, plus a variable update counter, improved HF performance, synchronous out-of-sync detection, asynchronous cipher text, plain text, bypass, and European TELEX protocol. The KG-84 (A/C) is certified to handle data at all levels of security.

  9. Comparison of cryptography libraries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_cryptography...

    Stream ciphers are defined as using plain text digits that are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream. Stream ciphers are typically faster than block ciphers and may have lower hardware complexity, but may be more susceptible to attacks.