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In mathematics, economics and computer science, particularly in the fields of combinatorics, game theory and algorithms, the stable-roommate problem (SRP) is the problem of finding a stable matching for an even-sized set. A matching is a separation of the set into disjoint pairs ("roommates").
An important variant is where each clause has exactly three literals (3SAT), since it is used in the proof of many other NP-completeness results. [3]: p. 48 Circuit satisfiability problem; Conjunctive Boolean query [3]: SR31 Cyclic ordering [36] Exact cover problem. Remains NP-complete for 3-sets.
Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output. Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:
There is also a constant s which is at most the cardinality of a maximum matching in the graph. The goal is to find a minimum-cost matching of size exactly s. The most common case is the case in which the graph admits a one-sided-perfect matching (i.e., a matching of size r), and s=r. Unbalanced assignment can be reduced to a balanced assignment.
A stable matching always exists, and the algorithmic problem solved by the Gale–Shapley algorithm is to find one. [3] The stable matching problem has also been called the stable marriage problem, using a metaphor of marriage between men and women, and many sources describe the Gale–Shapley algorithm in terms of marriage proposals. However ...
An important application of divide and conquer is in optimization, [example needed] where if the search space is reduced ("pruned") by a constant factor at each step, the overall algorithm has the same asymptotic complexity as the pruning step, with the constant depending on the pruning factor (by summing the geometric series); this is known as ...
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The matching pursuit is an example of a greedy algorithm applied on signal approximation. A greedy algorithm finds the optimal solution to Malfatti's problem of finding three disjoint circles within a given triangle that maximize the total area of the circles; it is conjectured that the same greedy algorithm is optimal for any number of circles.