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Carbonatation is a slow process that occurs in concrete where lime (CaO, or Ca(OH) 2 ) in the cement reacts with carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the air and forms calcium carbonate. The water in the pores of Portland cement concrete is normally alkaline with a pH in the range of 12.5 to 13.5.
CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 → CaCO 3 + H 2 O + heat (in the presence of water) Each mole of CO 2 (44 g) reacts with one mole of calcium hydroxide (74 g) and produces one mole of water (18 g). The reaction can be considered as a strong-base-catalysed, water-facilitated reaction.
CaCO 3 (s) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) → Ca(HCO 3) 2 (aq) This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rock, forming caverns, and leads to hard water in many regions. An unusual form of calcium carbonate is the hexahydrate ikaite, CaCO 3 ·6H 2 O. Ikaite is stable only below 8 °C.
C 6 A S 3 H 32, sometimes with substitution of Fe for Al, and/or CO 2− 3 for SO 2− 4: Calcium trisulfoaluminate hydrate, or ettringite: AFm: C 4 A S H 12, often with substitution of Fe for Al, and/or various other anions such as OH − or CO 2− 3 for SO 2− 4: Calcium monosulfoaluminate C 3 AH 6: 3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 6 H 2 O: Hydrogarnet
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
H + + HCO − 3 ⇌ H 2 CO 3; H 2 CO 3 ⇌ CO 2 (aq) + H 2 O; CO 2 (aq) ⇌ CO 2 (g) Exhaled CO 2 (g) depletes CO 2 (aq), which in turn consumes H 2 CO 3, causing the equilibrium of the first reaction to try to restore the level of carbonic acid by reacting bicarbonate with a hydrogen ion, an example of Le Châtelier's principle. The result is ...
Bill Clinton is one proud grandpa! On Monday, Nov. 25, the former President of the United States, 78, appeared on an episode of Live with Kelly and Mark and spoke about how he and the former ...
The alkali–carbonate reaction is an alteration process first suspected in the 1950s in Canada for the degradation of concrete containing dolomite aggregates. [1] [2]Alkali from the cement might react with the dolomite crystals present in the aggregate inducing the production of brucite, (MgOH) 2, and calcite (CaCO 3).