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Flap surgery is a technique essential to plastic and reconstructive surgery.A flap is defined as tissue that can be moved to another site and has its own blood supply.This is in comparison to a skin graft which does not have its own blood supply and relies on vascularization from the recipient site. [2]
Autograft: graft taken from one part of the body of an individual and transplanted onto another site in the same individual, e.g., skin graft. Isograft: graft taken from one individual and placed on another individual of the same genetic constitution, e.g., grafts between identical twins.
The SECT graft is a sort of hybrid procedure that combines the pedicle flap with the free gingival graft and enjoys the benefits of both. Pedicle flaps alone, such as the coronally advanced flap, frequently suffer from retraction and muscle pull. [6]
An example of "free flap" could be a "free toe transfer" in which the great toe or the second toe is transferred to the hand to reconstruct a thumb. [1] For all "free flaps", the blood supply is reconstituted using microsurgical techniques to reconnect the artery (brings blood into the flap) and vein (allows blood to flow out of the flap).
It is a perforator flap with a skin island, which is separated in a larger and smaller paddle by the nourishing perforator. These paddles can rotate around the perforator (pedicle), for as many degrees as the anatomical situation requires (90-180 degrees). This flap looks like a propeller when the two paddles are not too different in size. [14]
A forehead flap is usually required if the nasal defect is larger than 1.5 cm, requires replacement of support or lining, or if it is located within the infratip or columella. [4] If the defect is small and superficial it can be resurfaced with a skin graft or it can heal by secondary intention. [4]
The four-flap graft (also called banana graft) is commonly used for pecans, and first became popular with this species in Oklahoma in 1975. [12] It is heralded for maximum cambium overlap, but is a complex graft. It requires similarly sized diameters for the rootstock and scion.
The flap is oriented transversely on the tensor fasciae latae, also known as the “saddlebag” area. Advantages. A rather long pedicle located at the edge of the flap, making the flap very versatile in its positioning possibilities. Flap harvest is possible with patient in the prone position. Relatively easy flap dissection.