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  2. Min-max heap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap

    Example of Min-max heap. Each node in a min-max heap has a data member (usually called key) whose value is used to determine the order of the node in the min-max heap. The root element is the smallest element in the min-max heap. One of the two elements in the second level, which is a max (or odd) level, is the greatest element in the min-max heap

  3. Root element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_element

    There can be other XML nodes outside of the root element. [4] In particular, the root element may be preceded by a prolog, which itself may consist of an XML declaration, optional comments, processing instructions and whitespace, followed by an optional DOCTYPE declaration and more optional comments, processing instructions and whitespace.

  4. Generating set of a group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating_set_of_a_group

    Infinite groups can also have finite generating sets. The additive group of integers has 1 as a generating set. The element 2 is not a generating set, as the odd numbers will be missing. The two-element subset {3, 5} is a generating set, since (−5) + 3 + 3 = 1 (in fact, any pair of coprime numbers is, as a consequence of Bézout's identity).

  5. Primitive polynomial (field theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_polynomial...

    In finite field theory, a branch of mathematics, a primitive polynomial is the minimal polynomial of a primitive element of the finite field GF(p m).This means that a polynomial F(X) of degree m with coefficients in GF(p) = Z/pZ is a primitive polynomial if it is monic and has a root α in GF(p m) such that {,,,,, …} is the entire field GF(p m).

  6. Pattern matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_matching

    This single element must be the first. The empty list would not match the pattern at all, as an empty list does not have a head (the first element that is constructed). In the example, we have no use for list, so we can disregard it, and thus write the function:

  7. Elementary abelian group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_abelian_group

    In the group generated by the symmetric difference on a (not necessarily finite) set, every element has order 2. Any such group is necessarily abelian because, since every element is its own inverse, xy = (xy) −1 = y −1 x −1 = yx. Such a group (also called a Boolean group), generalizes the Klein four-group example to an arbitrary number ...

  8. Primitive element (finite field) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_element_(finite...

    In field theory, a primitive element of a finite field GF(q) is a generator of the multiplicative group of the field. In other words, α ∈ GF( q ) is called a primitive element if it is a primitive ( q − 1) th root of unity in GF( q ) ; this means that each non-zero element of GF( q ) can be written as α i for some natural number i .

  9. B+ tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B+_tree

    A simple B+ tree example linking the keys 1–7 to data values d 1-d 7. The linked list (red) allows rapid in-order traversal. This particular tree's branching factor is =4. Both keys in leaf and internal nodes are colored gray here. By definition, each value contained within the B+ tree is a key contained in exactly one leaf node.