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Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by the two common iliac veins, which lie posteriorly and to the right. Their terminal bifurcation is crossed anteriorly by the ureters. [1] This is significant, as the bifurcation of the common iliac artery is the second point of ureteric constriction. [1]
The middle part of the ureter drains into the right paracaval and interaortocaval nodes on the right, and the left paraaortic nodes on the left. [1] In the lower ureter, lymph may drain into the common iliac lymph nodes, or lower down in the pelvis to the common, external, or internal iliac lymph nodes. [2]
The lengths of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries bear an inverse proportion to each other, the internal iliac artery being long when the common iliac is short, and vice versa. The place of division of the internal iliac artery varies between the upper margin of the sacrum and the upper border of the greater sciatic foramen.
The left external iliac vein remains medial to the artery along its whole path. The right external iliac vein is medial to the artery, but as it ascends, it runs posterior to it. [2] The external iliac vein is crossed by the ureter and internal iliac artery which both extend towards the
The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery that passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into an anterior branch and a posterior branch.
The inferior vesical artery (or inferior vesical artery) is an artery of the pelvis which arises from the internal iliac artery and supplies parts of the urinary bladder as well as other structures of the urinary system and structures of the male reproductive system.
The common iliac lymph nodes, four to six in number, are grouped behind and on the sides of the common iliac artery, one or two being placed below the bifurcation of the aorta, in front of the fifth lumbar vertebra. They drain chiefly the hypogastric and external iliac glands, and their efferents pass to the lateral aortic glands.
Goes upward to anastomose with superior epigastric artery (a branch of internal thoracic artery). Deep circumflex iliac artery: Goes laterally, travelling along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. Femoral artery [3] Terminal branch. When the external iliac artery passes posterior to the inguinal ligament, its name changes to femoral artery.