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France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch.Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("judiciaire") or the administrative stream.
The French judiciary courts (French: ordre judiciaire), also known as "ordinary courts", are one of two main divisions of the dual jurisdictional system in France, the other division being the administrative courts (French: ordre administratif). [1] Ordinary courts have jurisdiction over two branches of law:
The branch that deals with disputes between private individuals is the civil courts. Civil courts settle disputes (for example, rent, divorce, inheritance) but do not impose penalties. The criminal courts constitute the branch that handles criminal offenses, and punish offenses against people, property and society. [1] [5] [6]
French law provides for a separate judicial branch with an independent judiciary which does not answer to or is directly controlled by the other two branches of government. [40] France has a civil law legal system, the basis of which is codified law; however, case law plays a significant role in the determination of the courts.
In France, the Conseil d'État ([kɔ̃sɛj deta]; Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice, which is one of the two branches of the French judiciary system. [2]
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
The Government of France consists of an executive branch (President of the Republic, prime minister, ministers and their services and affiliated organisations); a legislative branch (both houses of Parliament); and a judicial branch. The judicial branch does not constitute a single hierarchy: Administrative courts fall under the Council of State,
The Tribunal judiciaire de Paris (abbreviated TJ; in English: Judicial Court of Paris), located at the Judicial Campus of Paris in Batignolles, is the largest court in France by caseload. It replaced the capital's former Tribunal de grande instance ( Court of major instance ) and Tribunal d'instance ( court of petty instance ) under an ...