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  2. Williamson ether synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamson_ether_synthesis

    The Williamson ether synthesis is a common organic reaction in industrial synthesis and in undergraduate teaching laboratories. Yields for these ether syntheses are traditionally low when reaction times are shortened, which can be the case with undergraduate laboratory class periods.

  3. Alexander William Williamson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_William_Williamson

    Alexander Williamson. Williamson is credited for his research on the formation of unsymmetrical ethers by the interaction of an alkoxide with a haloalkane, known as the Williamson ether synthesis. He regarded ethers and alcohols as substances analogous to and built up on the same type as water, and he further introduced the water-type as a ...

  4. Alkylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation

    Alcohols alkylate to give ethers: + ′ ′ When the alkylating agent is an alkyl halide, the conversion is called the Williamson ether synthesis. Alcohols are also good alkylating agents in the presence of suitable acid catalysts.

  5. Elimination reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimination_reaction

    Thus, elimination by E2 limits the scope of the Williamson ether synthesis (an S N 2 reaction) to essentially only 1° haloalkanes; 2° haloalkanes generally do not give synthetically useful yields, while 3° haloalkanes fail completely. With strong base, 3° haloalkanes give elimination by E2.

  6. Phenol ether - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_ether

    Bis-aryl ethers (such as diphenyl ether) cannot be synthesized through the Williamson ether synthesis, however, as aryl halides cannot undergo nucleophilic substitution. As such, an Ullmann condensation can be employed: an aryl halide is able to react with phenol (or its derivatives) to form a bis-aryl ether in the presence of a copper-based ...

  7. Piperonal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperonal

    Synthesis from the latter chemical is accomplished through a condensation reaction with glyoxylic acid followed by cleaving the resulting α-hydroxy acid with an oxidizing agent. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Synthesis from catechol requires an additional step, Williamson ether synthesis using dichloromethane .

  8. Nucleophilic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_substitution

    Williamson ether synthesis; R−Br + OR' − → R−OR' + Br − (S N 2) The Wenker synthesis, a ring-closing reaction of aminoalcohols. The Finkelstein reaction, a halide exchange reaction. Phosphorus nucleophiles appear in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, the reaction of alkyl halides ...

  9. Template reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_reaction

    18-Crown-6 can be synthesized by the Williamson ether synthesis using potassium ion as the template cation. Structure of nickel-aquo nitrate complex of the ligand derived from the templated trimerization of 2-aminobenzaldehyde. [5] The phosphorus analogue of an aza crown can be prepared by a template reaction. [6]