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A laboratory route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene proceeds from 2- and 4-toluidines (i.e. 2- and 4-aminotoluene). These compounds are diazotized followed by treatment with cuprous chloride. [1] Industrially, the diazonium method is reserved for 3-chlorotoluene. The industrial route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene entails direct reaction of toluene with ...
4-Nitrochlorobenzene is the organic compound with the formula ClC 6 H 4 NO 2. It is a pale yellow solid. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is a common intermediate in the production of a number of industrially useful compounds, including antioxidants commonly found in rubber. Other isomers with the formula ClC 6 H 4 NO 2 include 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 3 ...
2-Nitrochlorobenzene is an organic compound with the formula ClC 6 H 4 NO 2. It is one of three isomeric nitrochlorobenzenes . [ 1 ] It is a yellow crystalline solid that is important as a precursor to other compounds due to its two functional groups.
Using an acid ratio of 30/56/14, the product mix is typically 34-36% 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 63-65% 4-nitrochlorobenzene, with only about 1% 3-nitrochlorobenzene. Since the above synthetic route does not efficiently produce the 3-isomer, the route most commonly used by chemists is the chlorination of nitrobenzene .
It is made by nitrating toluene at above -10 °C. This reaction affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers. [4] Chlorination of 2-nitrotoluene gives two isomers of the chloronitrotoluenes. Similarly nitration gives two isomers of dinitrotoluene. 2-Nitrotoluene is mainly consumed in the production of o-toluidine, a precursor to dyes. [4]
These mononitrochlorobenzenes are converted to related 2-nitrophenol, 2-nitroanisole, bis(2-nitrophenyl)disulfide, and 2-nitroaniline by nucleophilic displacement of the chloride, with respectively sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium disulfide, and ammonia. The conversions of the 4-nitro derivative are similar. [9]
Together with other isomers, 4-nitrotoluene is prepared by nitration of toluene, [4] commonly using titanium(IV) nitrate. [5] It undergoes the reactions typical for nitrobenzene derivatives, e.g. hydrogenation gives p-toluidine. Oxidation of the methyl substituent of 4-nitrotoluene has been extensively investigated.
2-Nitrochlorobenzene; 3-Nitrochlorobenzene; 4-Nitrochlorobenzene This page was last edited on 31 January 2024, at 19:39 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative ...