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  2. Bone malrotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_malrotation

    Bone malrotation refers to the situation that results when a bone heals out of rotational alignment from another bone, or part of bone. It often occurs as the result of a surgical complication after a fracture where intramedullary nailing (IMN) occurs, [ 1 ] especially in the femur and tibial bones, but can also occur genetically at birth.

  3. Hangman's fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangman's_fracture

    It is not unusual for patients to walk in for treatment and have such a fracture discovered on X-rays. Only if the force of the injury is severe enough that the vertebral body of C2 is severely subluxed from C3 does the spinal cord become crushed, usually between the vertebral body of C3 and the posterior elements of C1 and C2. [citation needed]

  4. Malunion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malunion

    A malunion is when a fractured bone does not heal properly. Some ways that it shows is by having the bone being twisted, shorter, or bent. Malunions can occur by having the bones improperly aligned when immobilized, having the cast taken off too early, or never seeking medical treatment after the break. [1]

  5. Cervical fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_fracture

    Patients with cervical fractures will likely be prescribed medication for pain control. In the long term, physical therapy will be given to build strength in the muscles of the neck to increase stability and better protect the cervical spine. Collars, traction and surgery can be used to immobilize and stabilize the neck after a cervical fracture.

  6. Spinal fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fracture

    A spinal fracture, also called a vertebral fracture or a broken back, is a fracture affecting the vertebrae of the spinal column. Most types of spinal fracture confer a significant risk of spinal cord injury. After the immediate trauma, there is a risk of spinal cord injury (or worsening of an already injured spine) if the fracture is unstable ...

  7. Atlanto-occipital dislocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanto-occipital_dislocation

    The Hangman's fracture which is a fracture of the C2 vertebral body or dens of the cervical spine upon which the skull base sits to allow the head to rotate, can also be associated with atlanto-occipital dislocation. Despite its eponym, the fracture is not usually associated with a hanging mechanism of injury. [13]

  8. Bone fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_fracture

    A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, F x, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. [1]

  9. Jefferson fracture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_fracture

    A Jefferson fracture is a bone fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, [1] though it may also appear as a three- or two-part fracture. The fracture may result from an axial load on the back of the head or hyperextension of the neck (e.g. caused by diving), causing a posterior break, and may be accompanied by a break in other parts of the cervical spine.