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  2. Platform envelopment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_envelopment

    Platform envelopment refers to one platform provider moving into another one's market, combining its own functionality with the target's, to form a multi-platform bundle. [1] The markets which evolve rapidly are rich in enveloping opportunities and the companies in these markets are under the continuous threat of becoming obsolete.

  3. Hafnium (group) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAFNIUM_(group)

    Microsoft named Hafnium as the group responsible for the 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server data breach, and alleged they were "state-sponsored and operating out of China". [3] [4] According to Microsoft, they are based in China but primarily use United States–based virtual private servers, [6] and have targeted "infectious disease researchers, law firms, higher education institutions, defense ...

  4. Flame (malware) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_(malware)

    Flame (a.k.a. Da Flame) was identified in May 2012 by the MAHER Center of the Iranian National CERT, Kaspersky Lab and CrySyS Lab (Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security) of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics when Kaspersky Lab was asked by the United Nations International Telecommunication Union to investigate reports of a virus affecting Iranian Oil Ministry ...

  5. STRIDE model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STRIDE_model

    STRIDE is a model for identifying computer security threats [1] developed by Praerit Garg and Loren Kohnfelder at Microsoft. [2] It provides a mnemonic for security threats in six categories. [3] The threats are: Spoofing; Tampering; Repudiation; Information disclosure (privacy breach or data leak) Denial of service; Elevation of privilege [4]

  6. 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server data breach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Microsoft_Exchange...

    Microsoft Exchange is considered a high-value target for hackers looking to penetrate business networks, as it is email server software, and, according to Microsoft, it provides "a unique environment that could allow attackers to perform various tasks using the same built-in tools or scripts that admins use for maintenance."

  7. Microsoft says that a cyberattack triggered the hours-long ...

    www.aol.com/news/microsoft-says-cyberattack...

    A global Microsoft Azure outage that impacted a range of services for consumers Tuesday — from reports of stalling Outlook emails to trouble ordering on Starbucks' mobile app — was triggered ...

  8. DREAD (risk assessment model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DREAD_(risk_assessment_model)

    It was discontinued at Microsoft by 2008. [2] When a given threat is assessed using DREAD, each category is given a rating from 1 to 10. [3] The sum of all ratings for a given issue can be used to prioritize among different issues.

  9. XML external entity attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_external_entity_attack

    This attack occurs when XML input containing a reference to an external entity is processed by a weakly configured XML parser. This attack may lead to the disclosure of confidential data, DoS attacks, server-side request forgery, port scanning from the perspective of the machine where the parser is located, and other [which?] system impacts. [1]