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Fossil of Acrocidaris, an extinct sea urchin. Echinoid fossils are the fossilised remains of sea urchins, spiny marine invertebrates that live on the seabed. Humans have been interested in these fossils for millennia, have considered them lucky, have imbued them with magical powers and linked them to their deities. [1]
The name urchin is an old word for hedgehog, which sea urchins resemble; they have archaically been called sea hedgehogs. [6] [7] The name is derived from the Old French herichun, from Latin ericius ('hedgehog'). [8] Like other echinoderms, sea urchin early larvae have bilateral symmetry, [9] but they develop five-fold symmetry as they mature ...
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... The subclass Euechinoidea includes almost all living species of sea urchin, with fossil forms going back as far ...
Cidaris cidaris has a small central test from which project a number of long, blunt, widely separated primary spines and a dense covering of short secondary spines. The primaries are pale grey, tipped with green and the secondaries are pale green. The test has a diameter of 7 cm (2.8 in) to 8 cm (3.1 in) and the spines are twice as long as this ...
The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plates, in contrast to the more complex mouth parts of their close relatives, the Diadematoida. They are ...
Close-up of Asthenosoma varium, showing distinctive spines. Asthenosoma varium is a large sea urchin, hemispherical in shape, and growing to a diameter of 25 cm (10 in). ). The plates from which the test is formed are not joined rigidly together, as is the case in most sea urchin
Expert warns urchins vital to coral reef ecosystems now ‘functionally extinct’ in Red Sea Mysterious plague is wiping out sea urchins across the globe, scientists say Skip to main content
These tubercles hold massive spines, thick, strong and often very long, and showing sometimes odd shapes (thorny spines, fans, clubs, Christmas trees [1]...). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The order Cidaroida is the basalmost of current sea urchins, and most of the species included in this family are abyssal, even if a handful of species remain quite common in ...