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It refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production and may sometimes be known as Integrated Biosystems. Orchardry – managing orchards, intentional planting of trees or shrubs that are maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit or nut-producing trees which are grown for commercial production.
The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin agricultūra, from ager 'field' and cultūra 'cultivation' or 'growing'. [7] While agriculture usually refers to human activities, certain species of ant, [8] [9] termite and beetle have been cultivating crops for up to 60 million years. [10]
The term food system describes the interconnected systems and processes that influence nutrition, food, health, community development, and agriculture.A food system includes all processes and infrastructure involved in feeding a population: growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, consumption, distribution, and disposal of food and food-related items.
It includes all spatial and temporal aspects of managing an agricultural system. Historically, cropping systems have been designed to maximise yield, but modern agriculture is increasingly concerned with promoting environmental sustainability in cropping systems. [1]
Agrifood systems emissions in 2021. To feed a world population forecast to reach 9.7 billion in 2050, [18] FAO estimates that agriculture may need to produce 40–54 percent more food, feed and biofuel feedstock than in 2012, depending on the scenario. [19]
Continuous grazing by sheep or cattle is a widespread extensive farming system, with low inputs and outputs.. Extensive farming most commonly means raising sheep and cattle in areas with low agricultural productivity, but includes large-scale growing of wheat, barley, cooking oils and other grain crops in areas like the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia.
Geographic information systems, or GiS, are extensively used in agriculture, especially in precision farming.Land is mapped digitally, and pertinent geodetic data such as topography and contours are combined with other statistical data for easier analysis of the soil.
It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. [74] Trees or shrubs are intentionally used within agricultural systems, or non-timber forest products are cultured in forest settings. [75]