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All planets in the Solar System, plus their major moons along some asteroids and comets, have now been visited to varying degrees by spacecraft launched from Earth. Through these uncrewed missions, humans have been able to get close-up photographs of all the planets and, in the case of landers , perform tests of the soils and atmospheres of some.
All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes. A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft. [vague] It does not include: Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation. The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
[4] [5] Earth was never formally 'discovered' because it was never an unrecognized entity by humans. However, its shared identity with other bodies as a "planet" is a historically recent discovery. The Earth's position in the Solar System was correctly described in the heliocentric model proposed by Aristarchus of Samos. [6] Moon: Earth I
First mixed gender crew aboard space station, and first woman, Svetlana Savitskaya, on space station. USSR Salyut 7: 1982 First plants grown in space (Arabidopsis). USSR Salyut 7 [32] [33] 25 January 1983: First Infrared orbital observatory. USA (NASA) UK (SERC) Netherlands IRAS: 13 June 1983: First spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune.
c. 475 BCE – Parmenides is credited to be the first Greek who declared that the Earth is spherical and is situated in the centre of the universe, believed to have been the first to detect the identity of Hesperus, the evening-star, and Phosphorus, the morning-star (Venus), [13] and by some, the first to claim that moonlight is a reflection of ...
The Hubble Space Telescope, the first large optical telescope in orbit, is launched using the Space Shuttle, but astronomers soon discovered that it is crippled by a problem with its mirror. A complex repair mission in 1993 allows the telescope to start producing spectacular images of distant stars, nebulae, and galaxies.
Scientists say they've discovered a new galaxy that's so dark and compact, it's basically invisible. But it's actually been here the whole time. Whoa, Scientists Found the Universe's Invisible Galaxy
In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria, which is highly resistant to environmental hazards, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station.