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A barracks emperor (also called a "soldier emperor") was a Roman emperor who seized power by virtue of his command of the army. Barracks emperors were especially common from 235 to 284 AD, during the Crisis of the Third Century , which began with the assassination of Severus Alexander .
In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum [1] (pl.: castra) was a military-related term.In Latin usage, the singular form castrum meant 'fort', while the plural form castra meant 'camp'. [2]
The barracks was built between 20 and 23 AD by Tiberius on the advice of the powerful commander (Praefectus Praetorio, literally "Prefect to the Praetorium", given that the Latin verb praeficio takes the dative case) Sejanus, to house in it the nine existing cohorts.
The English term 'barrack', on the other hand, derives from the Spanish word for a temporary shelter erected by soldiers on campaign, barraca; (because of fears that a standing army in barracks would be a threat to the constitution, barracks were not generally built in Great Britain until 1790, on the eve of the Napoleonic Wars).
It has been claimed by some authors, as the name suggests, that the barracks housed a garrison of peregrini, non-citizens and free subjects of the empire. [5] Others, however, dispute this claim and have proposed that the barracks housed Roman citizens; if so, the name would not imply the lack of citizenship but rather refer to the fact that they were detached away from the legions for special ...
Then in 238 AD, the barracks were attacked by the citizens of Rome who were in revolt against the emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Castra Praetoria was destroyed by Constantine I , who also disbanded the Praetorian Guard upon his conquest of Italy while Maxentius ruled as the Western Roman Emperor in Italy. [ 3 ]
Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire, although this is a matter of debate.By the early 2nd century, the Roman Empire had reached the peak of its territorial expansion and rather than constantly expanding their borders as earlier in the Empire and Republic, the Romans solidified their position by fortifying their ...
The Western Barracks buildings had been exposed and showed that the original timber barracks were replaced by stone, around 115 AD. [7] In 1930 the Caerleon Antiquarian Association agreed to lend, and subsequently hand over, their museum to the National Museum of Wales, having devoted 80 years to keeping the troublesome roof repaired. [7]