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Examples include autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis that may cause fibrotic changes in the lungs' upper or lower lobes and other microscopic lung injuries. But pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In that case, it is termed "idiopathic". [7]
The cause is unknown, hence the term idiopathic. [2] Risk factors include cigarette smoking, acid reflux disease (GERD), certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition. [1] The underlying mechanism involves scarring of the lungs. [1] Diagnosis requires ruling out other potential causes. [3]
A technique called pleurodesis can be used to intentionally create scar tissue within the pleural space, usually as a treatment for repeated episodes of a punctured lung, known as a pneumothorax, or for pleural effusions caused by cancer. While this procedure usually generates only limited scar tissue, in rare cases a fibrothorax can develop. [6]
According to the American Lung Association, ILD is an umbrella term used to describe lung diseases that can cause scarring. This scarring can cause lung stiffness, triggering poor oxygen flow to ...
Bird fancier's lung (BFL), also known as bird breeder's lung, is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It can cause shortness of breath , fever , dry cough , chest pain , anorexia and weight loss , fatigue , and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (the most serious complication).
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a general term for damage to the lungs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. [1] In general terms, such damage is divided into early inflammatory damage ( radiation pneumonitis ) and later complications of chronic scarring ( radiation fibrosis ).
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