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The economists Harry Dexter White (left) and John Maynard Keynes (right) at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire [27]. The WTO precursor, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), was established by a multilateral treaty of 23 countries in 1947 after the end of World War II, in the wake of other new multilateral institutions dedicated to international economic cooperation—such ...
The GATT was the only multilateral instrument governing international trade from 1946 until the WTO was established on 1 January 1995. [9] Despite attempts in the mid-1950s and 1960s to create some form of institutional mechanism for international trade, the GATT continued to operate for almost half a century as a semi-institutionalized multilateral treaty regime on a provisional basis. [10]
1986-1994 - GATT negotiations culminate in the Marrakech Agreement that establishes the World Trade Organization (WTO). January 1, 1995 - The WTO comes into existence. May 1, 1995 - Renato Ruggiero becomes director-general for a 4-year term. December 9, 1996 – December 13, 1996 - The inaugural ministerial conference takes place in Singapore.
It remained in effect until 1 January 1995, when the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established after agreement by 123 nations in Marrakesh on 15 April 1994, as part of the Uruguay Round Agreements. The WTO is the successor to the GATT, and the original GATT text (GATT 1947) is still in effect under the WTO framework, subject to the ...
The Marrakesh Agreement, manifested by the Marrakesh Declaration, was an agreement signed in Marrakesh, Morocco, by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, marking the culmination of the 8-year-long Uruguay Round and establishing the World Trade Organization, which officially came into being on 1 January 1995.
The end of the Cold War seemed to make these institutions more attractive, as the World Trade Organization succeeded GATT in 1995 and the International Criminal Court was established in 1998 ...
The longest were that of Russia, lasting 19 years and 2 months, [5] Vanuatu, lasting 17 years and 1 month, [6] Comoros, lasting 16 years and 10 months, and China, lasting 15 years and 5 months. [ 7 ] As of 2007, WTO members represented 96.4% of global trade and 96.7% of global GDP. [ 8 ]
The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, Cases and Materials. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82290-4. Jackson, John H. (1994). "Managing the Trading System: The World Trade Organization and the Post-Uruguay Round GATT Agenda". In Peter B. Kenen (ed.). Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years after Bretton Woods ...