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Injury in plants is damage caused by other organisms or by the non-living (abiotic) environment to plants. Animals that commonly cause injury to plants include insects, mites, nematodes, and herbivorous mammals; damage may also be caused by plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Abiotic factors that can damage plants include ...
Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis can result in damage to the liver, kidneys, heart, brain, smooth muscles, lungs, DNA, lesions all over the body, and could be a potential cause of cancer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is known by many other names such as "Pictou Disease" in Canada [ 3 ] and "Winton Disease" in New Zealand. [ 4 ]
The smoke of burning Rhus lancia can cause reactions in the lungs, and can be fatal. [citation needed] Ricinus communis: castor oil plant, castor bean, Palma Christi Euphorbiaceae: The seeds contain ricin, an extremely toxic and water-soluble ribosome-inactivating protein; it is also present in lower concentrations in other parts of the plant ...
"abdominal pain, diarrhea, potentially carcinogenic, with others can potentiate cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmic agents" [3] Chaparral: creosote bush, gobernadora, larreastat [4] Larrea tridentata, Larrea divaricata [4] Liver damage, [3] [4] [5] kidney problems, [4] Hypotension in cancer patients [3] Chinese herbal mixtures: Heavy metal ...
Toxic to both animals and plants. [22] bromine: 35: 5: Essential to membrane architecture and tissue development in animals. [23] May have antibiotic effects in some compounds when it substitutes for chlorine. [24] Bromine compounds are very common in and presumably essential to a variety of marine organisms, including bacteria, fungi, seaweeds ...
Chlorine is a strong oxidizing element causing the hydrogen to split from water in moist tissue, resulting in nascent oxygen and hydrogen chloride that cause corrosive tissue damage. Additionally oxidation of chlorine may form hypochlorous acid , which can penetrate cells and react with cytoplasmic proteins destroying cell structure.
It is also produced in small quantities by certain terrestrial plants, such as members of the family Brassicaceae. In 2009, an estimated 24,000 tonnes of methyl bromide were produced. [ 7 ] Its production was curtailed by the Montreal Protocol , such that in 1983, production was nearly twice that of 2009 levels.
An oxidative burst causes hypersensitive cell death called a hypersensitive response (HR). [8] This soft rot can trigger HR to assist in colonization. Botrytis cinerea, as a necrotrophic pathogen, exploits the dead tissue for its pathogenicity or its ability to cause disease. Susceptible plants cannot use the HR to protect against B. cinerea.