Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV positive women to men in high risk populations. [1] [2]In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated that male circumcision is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions. [3]
In low-income countries, the risk of female-to-male transmission is estimated as 0.38% per act, and of male-to-female transmission as 0.30% per act; the equivalent estimates for high-income countries are 0.04% per act for female-to-male transmission, and 0.08% per act for male-to-female transmission. [60] The risk of transmission from anal ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declared "prostitutes" a risk category of contracting HIV. [21] Female (as well as male) drug users were observed to contract the disease. [21] [22] 1983 The NIH began to hire female nurses such as Barbara Fabian Baird to research AIDS. [21] [23] The Women's AIDS Network was established. [21 ...
Based on these studies, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS both recommended male circumcision as a method of preventing female-to-male HIV transmission in 2007. [28] Whether it protects against male-to-female transmission is disputed [29] [30] and whether it is of benefit in developed countries and among men who have sex with men is ...
The risk of HIV transmission from mother to child is most directly related to the plasma viral load of the mother. Untreated mothers with a high (HIV RNA greater than 100,000 copies/mL) have a transmission risk of over 50%. [25] For women with a lower viral load (HIV RNA less than 1000 copies/mL), the risk of transmission is less than 1%. [26]
This contrasts with seroconcordant relationships, in which both partners are of the same HIV status. Without effective prevention measures, serodiscordant relationships can significantly contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS, with the risk varying based on the type and frequency of sexual activity and the viral load of the HIV-positive partner. [2]
Sperm washing can be used to decrease the risk of HIV transmission in HIV-positive males, because the infection is carried by the seminal fluid rather than the sperm. One Italian study from 2005 of 567 serodiscordant couples treated with washed sperm resulted in no horizontal (to the woman) or vertical (to the child) HIV seroconversion. [5]
And, because HIV-positive people with durably suppressed or undetectable amounts of HIV in their blood cannot transmit HIV to sexual partners, sexual activity with HIV-positive partners on effective treatment is a form of safe sex (to prevent HIV infection). This fact has given rise to the concept of "U=U" ("Undetectable = Untransmittable").