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  2. Mechanism (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)

    A mechanism is usually a piece of a larger process, known as a mechanical system or machine. Sometimes an entire machine may be referred to as a mechanism; examples are the steering mechanism in a car, or the winding mechanism of a wristwatch. However, typically, a set of multiple mechanisms is called a machine.

  3. Mode of action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_action

    A mechanism of action of a chemical could be "binding to DNA" while its broader mode of action would be "transcriptional regulation". [3] However, there is no clear consensus and the term mode of action is also often used, especially in the study of pesticides, to describe molecular mechanisms such as action on specific nuclear receptors or ...

  4. Pathophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology

    Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain ...

  5. Grievance redressal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grievance_Redressal

    Grievance Redressal is a management- and governance-related process used commonly in India.While the term "Grievance Redressal" primarily covers the receipt and processing of complaints from citizens and consumers, a wider definition includes actions taken on any issue raised by them to avail services more effectively.

  6. Ligation (molecular biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligation_(molecular_biology)

    The mechanism of the ligation reaction was first elucidated in the laboratory of I. Robert Lehman. [4] [5] Two fragments of DNA may be joined by DNA ligase which catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group (-OH) at one end of a strand of DNA and the 5'-phosphate group (-PO4) of another.

  7. Mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism

    Mechanism may refer to: Mechanism (economics), a set of rules for a game designed to achieve a certain outcome. Mechanism design, the study of such mechanisms; Mechanism (engineering), rigid bodies connected by joints in order to accomplish a desired force and/or motion transmission; Mechanism (biology), explaining how a feature is created

  8. Mechanism design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_design

    Mechanism design (sometimes implementation theory or institution design) [1] is a branch of economics and game theory. It studies how to construct rules—called mechanisms or institutions—that produce good outcomes according to some predefined metric , even when the designer does not know the players' true preferences or what information ...

  9. Phagocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis

    Phagocytosis is one main mechanisms of the innate immune defense. It is one of the first processes responding to infection, and is also one of the initiating branches of an adaptive immune response. Although most cells are capable of phagocytosis, some cell types perform it as part of their main function.