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  2. Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure...

    In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...

  3. Pseudorandom generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_generator

    If a full derandomization is desired, a completely deterministic simulation proceeds by replacing the random input to the randomized algorithm with the pseudorandom string produced by the pseudorandom generator. The simulation does this for all possible seeds and averages the output of the various runs of the randomized algorithm in a suitable way.

  4. Pseudorandom number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator

    It can be shown that if is a pseudo-random number generator for the uniform distribution on (,) and if is the CDF of some given probability distribution , then is a pseudo-random number generator for , where : (,) is the percentile of , i.e. ():= {: ()}. Intuitively, an arbitrary distribution can be simulated from a simulation of the standard ...

  5. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    It is a very fast sub-type of LFSR generators. Marsaglia also suggested as an improvement the xorwow generator, in which the output of a xorshift generator is added with a Weyl sequence. The xorwow generator is the default generator in the CURAND library of the nVidia CUDA application programming interface for graphics processing units.

  6. Initialization vector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector

    C Alice = E(IV 1 xor P Alice) = E(IV 2 xor (IV 2 xor IV 1 xor P Alice)). [6] Depending on whether the IV for a cryptographic scheme must be random or only unique the scheme is either called randomized or stateful. While randomized schemes always require the IV chosen by a sender to be forwarded to receivers, stateful schemes allow sender and ...

  7. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

    CAS systems work by passing the content of the file through a cryptographic hash function to generate a unique key, the "content address". The file system's directory stores these addresses and a pointer to the physical storage of the content. Because an attempt to store the same file will generate the same key, CAS systems ensure that the ...

  8. Random password generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_password_generator

    A random password generator is a software program or hardware device that takes input from a random or pseudo-random number generator and automatically generates a password. Random passwords can be generated manually, using simple sources of randomness such as dice or coins , or they can be generated using a computer.

  9. Universally unique identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier

    The term Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) is also used, mostly in Microsoft systems. [1] [2] When generated according to the standard methods, UUIDs are, for practical purposes, unique. Their uniqueness does not depend on a central registration authority or coordination between the parties generating them, unlike most other numbering schemes.