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The red line is the path of a light beam emitted by the quasar about 13 billion years ago and reaching Earth at the present day. The orange line shows the present-day distance between the quasar and Earth, about 28 billion light-years, which is a larger distance than the age of the universe multiplied by the speed of light, ct.
It was once expected that any icy body larger than approximately 200 km in radius was likely to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (HE). [7] However, Ceres (r = 470 km) is the smallest body for which detailed measurements are consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium, [ 8 ] whereas Iapetus (r = 735 km) is the largest icy body that has been found to ...
Consists of at least 15 clusters plus other interconnected filaments. It is the most massive galaxy supercluster discovered so far. [19] Big Ring (2024) 1,300,000,000 Made up of galaxy clusters. (Theoretical limit) 1,200,000,000 Structures larger than this size are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates. However ...
The observable universe is isotropic on scales significantly larger than superclusters, meaning that the statistical properties of the universe are the same in all directions as observed from Earth. The universe is bathed in highly isotropic microwave radiation that corresponds to a thermal equilibrium blackbody spectrum of roughly 2.72548 ...
The observable universe is a spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time; the electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.
The cosmic web (sometimes called the cosmic net) began as material connected to the first galaxies in the known Universe. As clumping began, their gravitational influence became more pronounced ...
In general, the proper distance to the event horizon at time is given by [5] = ′ (′) where is the time-coordinate of the end of the universe, which would be infinite in the case of a universe that expands forever. For our case, assuming that dark energy is due to a cosmological constant Λ, there will be a minimum Hubble parameter H e and a ...
In the case of accelerated expansion, ¨ is positive; therefore, ˙ was smaller in the past than today. Thus, an accelerating universe took a longer time to expand from 2/3 to 1 times its present size, compared to a non-accelerating universe with constant ˙ and the same present-day value of the Hubble constant. This results in a larger light ...