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Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the relative influence on human beings of ... Twin studies established that there was, in ...
The power of twin designs arises from the fact that twins may be either identical (monozygotic (MZ), i.e. developing from a single fertilized egg and therefore sharing all of their polymorphic alleles) or fraternal (dizygotic (DZ), i.e. developing from two fertilized eggs and therefore sharing on average 50% of their alleles, the same level of genetic similarity found in non-twin siblings).
Identical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited is a 2007 memoir written by identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein and published by Random House. [1] The authors, born in New York City in 1968 to Leda Witt, daughter of Nathan Witt, were separated as infants, in part, to participate in a "nature versus nurture" twin study ...
[4] [5] Some of the twins eventually learned that their separation had been deliberate as a "nature versus nurture" experiment by Neubauer. These revelations led to controversy, anger, and ethical comparisons with notorious twin experiments by the same Nazi regime that Neubauer had escaped. [6]
The study was subsequently the subject of Identical Strangers, a 2007 memoir by separated identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein [11] (who appear in the film), as well as the 2017 documentary The Twinning Reaction [12] and a 2018 episode of the American TV news program 20/20 titled "Secret Siblings".
Twin studies that investigated the development of schizophrenia found that identical twins have a higher concordance rate for schizophrenia than non-identical twins. [18] [19] [20] However, none of them found a 100% concordance rate from identical twins. Identical twins have exact genes.
Twins are concordant when both have or both lack a given trait. [1] The ideal example of concordance is that of identical twins, because the genome is the same, an equivalence that helps in discovering causation via deconfounding, regarding genetic effects versus epigenetic and environmental effects (nature versus nurture).
He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies. He coined the phrase "nature versus nurture". [3]