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A flat engine is a piston engine where the cylinders are located on either side of a central crankshaft. Flat engines are also known as horizontally opposed engines, however this is distinct from the less common opposed-piston engine design, whereby each cylinder has two pistons sharing a central combustion chamber.
The most common type of flat-twin engine is the boxer-twin engine, where both pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time. The flat-twin design was patented by Karl Benz in 1896 and the first production flat-twin engine was used in the Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton car released in 1900. The flat-twin engine was used in several other cars since ...
The crankshaft configuration varies amongst opposed-engine designs. One layout has a flat/boxer engine at its center and adds an additional opposed-piston to each end so there are two pistons per cylinder on each side. An X engine is essentially two V engines joined by a common crankshaft. A majority of these were existing V-12 engines ...
Does it mean "180 degree V engines" (i.e. non-boxer type) or does it mean V engines with some angle (e.g. 60 degree or 90 degree)? 4. It seems that the true distinguishing characteristic of boxer vs. non-boxer type of flat engines is the "horizontally-opposed" nature of them. If we can get agreement on this item, we'll be closer to a consensus.
"Flat" does not specify crankshaft design and therefore can refer to either a non-boxer engine like the Ferrari or a true boxer engine like a Porsche flat-6. Alternatively, some sources prefer to call Ferrari flat-12 engines a "180° V12", referring to the V12-derived crankshaft design and the 180° angle between cylinder banks. [3]: 60 [4]: 8 ...
A flat-eight engine is able to have perfect primary balance and secondary balance. A boxer-eight engine has a single piston per crankpin, which increases the linear offset between the cylinder banks. A boxer-eight with nine main bearings may be thought of as two boxer-four engines laid end-to-end with a 90° phase angle between their crankshafts.
A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine or boxer engine, [1] is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine , each pair of opposed pistons moves inwards and outwards at the same time.
The Porsche flat-six engine series is a line of mechanically similar, naturally aspirated and sometimes turbocharged, flat-six boxer engines, produced by Porsche for almost 60 consecutive years, since 1963. [8] [9] The engine is an evolution of the flat-four boxer used in the original Volkswagen Beetle. [10] [11] [12