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The name of the plant is unrelated to that of the country Chile. [70] While pepper originally meant the genus Piper, not Capsicum, the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster record both usages. [71] [72] The three primary spellings are chili, chile and chilli, all recognized by dictionaries.
Capsicum annuum, commonly known as paprika, chili pepper, red pepper, sweet pepper, jalapeño, cayenne, or bell pepper, [5] is a fruiting plant from the family Solanaceae (nightshades), within the genus Capsicum which is native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America.
The name pepper comes from the similarity of piquance (spiciness or "heat") of the flavor to that of black pepper, Piper nigrum, although there is no botanical relationship with it or with Sichuan pepper. The original term chilli came from the Nahuatl word chīlli, denoting a larger Capsicum variety cultivated at least since 3000 BC. [7]
In British English, the sweet varieties are called "peppers" [12] and the hot varieties "chillies", [13] whereas in Australian English and Indian English, the name "capsicum" is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and "chilli" is often used to encompass the hotter varieties. The plant is a tender perennial subshrub, with a densely ...
Bird's eye chilis of assorted colors. The bird's eye chili plant is a perennial with small, tapering fruits, often two or three, at a node. The fruits are very pungent. The bird's eye chili is small, but is quite hot.
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, a chili-pepper variety of Capsicum annuum, is native to southern North America and northern South America. [2] Common names include chiltepín, Indian pepper, grove pepper, chiltepe, and chile tepín, as well as turkey, bird’s eye, or simply bird peppers (due to their consumption and spread by wild birds; "unlike humans birds are impervious to the heat of ...
The C. baccatum species, particularly the ají amarillo chili, has its origins in ancient Peru and across the Andean region of South America. [7] It is typically associated with Peruvian cuisine, and is considered part of its condiment trinity together with red onion and coriander.
Capsicum frutescens is a wild chili pepper having genetic proximity to the cultivated pepper Capsicum chinense native to Central and South America. [2] Pepper cultivars of C. frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants.