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A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy with the ability to operate at a high fraction of its melting point. [1] Key characteristics of a superalloy include mechanical strength, thermal creep deformation resistance, surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance.
Rust is a general name for a complex of oxides and hydroxides of iron, [4] which occur when iron or some alloys that contain iron are exposed to oxygen and moisture for a long period of time. Over time, the oxygen combines with the metal, forming new compounds collectively called rust, in a process called rusting.
Inconel alloys are oxidation- and corrosion-resistant. When heated, Inconel forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer protecting the surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature range, attractive for high-temperature applications where aluminum and steel would succumb to creep as a result of thermally ...
The properties of duplex stainless steels are achieved with an overall lower alloy content than similar-performing super-austenitic grades, making their use cost-effective for many applications. The pulp and paper industry was one of the first to extensively use duplex stainless steel.
For example, alloy 020 is designed to be resistant to sulfuric acid, and the DS Incoloy is to be used in heat-treating furnaces with reactive atmospheres and many heat cycles. Incoloy 020 "exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in chemical environments that contain sulfuric acid, chlorides, phosphoric acid and nitric acid."
Inconel 625 was designed as a solid solution strengthened material with no significant microstructure. This holds true at low and high temperatures, but there is a region (923 to 1148 K) where precipitates form that are detrimental to the creep properties, and thus the strength, of the alloy.
Alloy 20 (Carpenter 20) is an austenitic stainless steel possessing excellent resistance to hot sulfuric acid and many other aggressive environments which would readily attack type 316 stainless. This alloy exhibits superior resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in boiling 20–40% sulfuric acid.
Researches created an alloy with the strength of steel and the lightness of titanium alloy. It combined iron, aluminum, carbon, manganese, and nickel. The other ingredient was uniformly distributed nanometer-sized B2 intermetallic (two metals with equal numbers of atoms) particles. The use of nickel team avoided problems with earlier attempts ...