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A tangent to the lateral facet of the patella. With the knee in 20° flexed, this angle should normally open laterally. [16] The patellofemoral index is the ratio between the thickness of the medial joint space and the lateral joint space (L). With the knee 20° flexed, it should measure 1.6 or less.
Patella, its tendon and tibial tuberosity. The condition is usually seen in athletic individuals typically between 10 and 14 years of age. Following a strain or partial rupture of patellar ligament the patient develops a traction ‘tendinitis’ characterized by pain and point tenderness at the inferior (lower) pole of the patella associated with focal swelling.
The patella's posterior surface is covered with a layer of smooth cartilage, which the base of the femur normally glides smoothly against when the knee is bent. However, in some individuals the kneecap tends to rub against one side of the knee joint, irritating the cartilage and causing knee pain. [15]
The disorder has relatively mild signs and symptoms, including joint pain, scoliosis, and malformations of the hands, feet, and knees. [3] Some affected individuals are born with an inward- and downward-turning foot (a clubfoot). An abnormality of the kneecap called a double-layered patella is also relatively common.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. [4] The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and ...
The infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's fat pad) is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated inferior and posterior to the patella bone within the knee, [1] intervening between the patellar ligament and synovial fold of the knee joint.
Treatment of medial knee injuries varies depending on location and classification of the injuries. [6] [21] The consensus of many studies is that isolated grade I, II, and III injuries are usually well suited to non-operative treatment protocols. Acute grade III injuries with concomitant multiligament injuries or knee dislocation involving ...
Pellegrini-Stieda combines the aforementioned radiographic findings and concomitant medial knee joint pain or restricted range of motion. [ 2 ] In 1905, Pellegrini described the first reported case of calcification , involving the collateral ligament of the knee in a 36-year-old man examined at the Department of Surgery in Florence on March 13 ...