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Pages in category "Estonian-language surnames" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 391 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Pages in category "Estonian masculine given names" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 256 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Pages in category "Estonian feminine given names" The following 169 pages are in this category, out of 169 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A.
Estonian feminine given names (169 P) M. Estonian masculine given names (256 P) This page was last edited on 5 March 2023, at 08:19 (UTC). Text is available under ...
Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: virta 'river', koski 'rapids', mäki 'hill', järvi 'lake', saari 'island' — often with the suffix -nen added after the model ...
Apparently the Estonian government used the literal difference to exclude the non-(ethnicly-)Estonian surname from the top three. The same holds for "Smirnov"/"Smirnova", which with its 2979 surname bearers (male and female) belongs in the top ten. I believe that at least a note of remark concerning this situation should be added.
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Female surnames are most often in the Katharevousa genitive case of a male name. This is an innovation of the Modern Greek state; Byzantine practice was to form a feminine counterpart of the male surname (e.g. masculine Palaiologos, Byzantine feminine Palaiologina, Modern feminine Palaiologou).