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Simple renal cyst. A renal cyst is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
The enlargement of the kidney can be related to the degree of cyst formation. The cysts which come from the Bowmans space can also cause the kidneys to appear asymmetrical or misshapen. Cysts can cause injury by destroying nearby renal tissue [10] Familial GCKD can have enlarged or normal size kidneys. [6]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common, life-threatening inherited human disorders and the most common hereditary kidney disease. [1] [2] It is associated with large interfamilial and intrafamilial variability, which can be explained to a large extent by its genetic heterogeneity and modifier genes. [1]
With or without kidney disease, some people with forms of HNF1β have had various minor or major anomalies of the reproductive system. Male defects have included epididymal cysts, agenesis of the vas deferens, or infertility due to abnormal spermatozoa. Affected women have been found to have vaginal agenesis, hypoplastic, or bicornuate uterus.
As there are several benign cystic renal lesions (simple renal cyst, haemorrhagic renal cyst, multilocular cystic nephroma, polycystic kidney disease), it may occasionally be difficult for the radiologist to differentiate a benign cystic lesion from a malignant one. [47]
High magnification micrograph of a cystic nephroma showing the characteristic simple epithelium with hobnail morphology, and the ovarian-like stroma. H&E stain. The characteristics of cystic nephromas are: Cysts lined by a simple epithelium with a hobnail morphology, i.e. the nuclei of the cyst lining epithelium bulges into the lumen of the cysts,
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder [5] [6] in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney. [7] These cysts may begin to develop in utero, in infancy, in childhood, or in adulthood. [8] Cysts ...