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  2. Foster's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster's_rule

    The Island Rule is a contested topic in evolutionary biology. Some argue that, since body size is a trait that is affected by multiple factors, and not just by organisms moving to an island, genetic variations across all populations could also cause the body mass differences between mainland and island populations. [12]

  3. Insular biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_biogeography

    The theory of island biogeography was originally used to study oceanic islands, but those concepts can be extrapolated to other areas of study. Island species dynamics give information about how species move and interact within Island Like Systems (ILS). Rather than an actual island, ILS are primarily defined by their isolation within an ecosystem.

  4. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  5. Species–area relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species–area_relationship

    A common method is to use quadrats of successively larger size so that the area enclosed by each one includes the area enclosed by the smaller one (i.e. areas are nested). In the first part of the 20th century, plant ecologists often used the species–area curve to estimate the minimum size of a quadrat necessary to adequately characterize a ...

  6. Island ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Ecology

    Island ecology is the study of island organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. Islands account for nearly 1/6 of earth’s total land area, [ 1 ] yet the ecology of island ecosystems is vastly different from that of mainland communities.

  7. The Theory of Island Biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Island...

    The Theory of Island Biogeography is a 1967 book by the ecologist Robert MacArthur and the biologist Edward O. Wilson. [1] It is widely regarded as a seminal work in island biogeography and ecology. The Princeton University Press reprinted the book in 2001 as a part of the "Princeton Landmarks in Biology" series. [1]

  8. List of islands by area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area

    [Note 1] However, because the definition of continent varies between geographers, the Americas are sometimes defined as two separate continents while mainland Australia is sometimes defined as an island as well as a continent. Nevertheless, for the purposes of this list, mainland Australia along with the other major landmasses have been listed ...

  9. Island - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island

    An island is an area of land surrounded by water on all sides that is distinct from a continent. [1] There is no standard of size that distinguishes islands and continents. Continents have an accepted geological definition – they are the largest landmass of a particular tectonic plate. [2]