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Hallucination is defined as visual perception without external stimulation. It must be distinguished whether the individual is able to recognize that the perception is not real, also called pseudo-hallucination, or that the individual endorses it as real, also called delusion. It is only delusion that has serious psychiatric implications.
For the diagnosis to be made, auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present. [7] The delusions cannot be due to the effects of a drug , medication , or general medical condition , and delusional disorder cannot be diagnosed in an ...
A delusion [a] is a false fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. [2] As a pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs are able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence.
A thought disorder (TD) is a disturbance in cognition which affects language, thought and communication. [1] [2] Psychiatric and psychological glossaries in 2015 and 2017 identified thought disorders as encompassing poverty of ideas, neologisms, paralogia (a reasoning disorder characterized by expression of illogical or delusional thoughts), word salad, and delusions—all disturbances of ...
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...
Oneiroid syndrome (OS) is a condition involving dream-like disturbances of one's consciousness by vivid scenic hallucinations, accompanied by catatonic symptoms (either catatonic stupor or excitement), delusions, or psychopathological experiences of a kaleidoscopic nature.
In rare instances, it can include delusions of immortality. [9] Syndrome of delusional companions is the belief that objects (such as soft toys) are sentient beings. [10] Clonal pluralization of the self, where a person believes there are multiple copies of themselves, identical both physically and psychologically, but physically separate and ...
The hallucinations are normally colorful, vivid images that occur during wakefulness, predominantly at night. [3] Lilliputian hallucinations (also called Alice in Wonderland syndrome), hallucinations in which people or animals appear smaller than they would be in real life, are common in cases of peduncular hallucinosis. [1]