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About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores. According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1, [3] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores.
Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequelae of a latent infection. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from herpes simplex infection. [12]
For herpes simplex virus encephalitis, a CT scan may show low-density lesions in the temporal lobe. These lesions usually appear 3 to 5 days after the start of the infection. Japanese encephalitis often has distinct EEG patterns, including diffuse delta activity with spikes, diffuse continuous delta activity, and alpha coma activity.
Aciclovir is used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus infections, including: [3] [15] [16] Genital herpes simplex (treatment and prevention) Neonatal herpes simplex; Herpes simplex labialis ; Shingles; Acute chickenpox in immunocompromised patients; Herpes simplex encephalitis
HSV-1 can lead to potentially fatal cases of herpes simplex encephalitis. [84] Herpes simplex viruses have also been studied in the central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis, but research has been conflicting and inconclusive. [85] Following a diagnosis of genital herpes simplex infection, patients may develop an episode of ...
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [5] Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes , though other forms also exist.
B-virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1; McHV-1; formerly Macacine herpesvirus 1, [3] Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, [1] CHV-1 [4]), Herpesvirus simiae, or Herpes virus B [2] is the Simplexvirus infecting macaque monkeys. B virus is very similar to HSV-1, and as such, this neurotropic virus is not found in the blood.
Many viral infections of the central nervous system occur in seasonal peaks or as epidemics, whereas others, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, are sporadic. In endemic areas it is mostly a disease of children, but as the disease spreads to new regions, or nonimmune travelers visit endemic regions, nonimmune adults are also affected.
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