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The prime decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds states that every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) collection of prime 3-manifolds. A manifold is prime if it cannot be presented as a connected sum of more than one manifold, none of which is the sphere of the same dimension.
In particular if the surgery coefficient is of the form /, then the surgered 3-manifold is still the 3-sphere. If M {\displaystyle M} is the 3-sphere, L {\displaystyle L} is the right-handed trefoil knot , and the surgery coefficient is + 1 {\displaystyle +1} , then the surgered 3-manifold is the Poincaré dodecahedral space .
There is an alternate definition due to Mikhail Gromov. Gromov's topology utilizes the Gromov-Hausdorff metric and is defined on pointed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. One essentially considers better and better bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms on larger and larger balls. This results in the same notion of convergence as above as the thick part is always ...
The surgery structure set of a compact -dimensional manifold is a pointed set which classifies -dimensional manifolds within the homotopy type of . The basic idea is that in order to calculate S ( X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}(X)} it is enough to understand the other terms in the sequence, which are usually easier to determine.
A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis.
Familiar examples of two-dimensional manifolds include the sphere, torus, and Klein bottle; this book concentrates on three-dimensional manifolds, and on two-dimensional surfaces within them. A particular focus is a Heegaard splitting, a two-dimensional surface that partitions a 3-manifold into two handlebodies. It aims to present the main ...
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A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...