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Fosfestrol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors. [2] [1] [4] It is inactive itself and acts as a prodrug of diethylstilbestrol. [2] [1] [5] Similarly to diethylstilbestrol, fosfestrol has powerful antigonadotropic effects and strongly suppresses testosterone levels in men.
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
[19] 3α-Androstanediol is a potent positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor, while 3β-androstanediol is a potent and selective agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER) subtype ERβ. [19] These metabolites may play important roles in the central effects of DHT and by extension testosterone, including their antidepressant , anxiolytic ...
There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. [3]
In addition to its affinity for the androgen receptor, DHEA has also been found to bind to (and activate) the ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors with K i values of 1.1 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively, and EC 50 values of >1 μM and 200 nM, respectively. Though it was found to be a partial agonist of the ERα with a maximal efficacy of 30–70%, the ...
Giredestrant is an investigational oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) being developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. [1] [2] It is a potent, nonsteroidal compound that antagonizes estrogen effects by competitively binding to both wild-type and mutant estrogen receptors with nanomolar potency.
Regarding hydration, the National Academy of Medicine recommends women consume 2.7 liters (91 ounces) of fluids daily, and that men have 3.7 liters (125 ounces) daily. This guideline includes all ...
The estrogen receptor, as well as the progesterone receptor, have been detected in the skin, including in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] At menopause and thereafter, decreased levels of female sex hormones result in atrophy , thinning, and increased wrinkling of the skin and a reduction in skin elasticity , firmness, and strength.