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In structural geology, a fold is a stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved ("folded") during permanent deformation. Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized folds. They occur as single isolated folds or in periodic sets (known as fold trains).
By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards. [1] By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence. [2]
In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from the hinge.
A detachment fold, in geology, occurs as layer parallel thrusting along a decollement (or detachment) develops without upward propagation of a fault; the accommodation of the strain produced by continued displacement along the underlying thrust results in the folding of the overlying rock units. As a visual aid, picture a rug on the floor.
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. ... For example, an F 2 fold, ...
basic structure of a fold Fig.1: 3D fold growth under compressional stress. Yellow, orange and red color represents elevation, in which lighter color refers to higher elevation. In geology, 3D fold evolution is the study of the full three dimensional structure of a fold as it changes in time.
A dome is a feature in structural geology where a circular part of the Earth's surface has been pushed upward, tilting the pre-existing layers of earth away from the center. In technical terms, it consists of symmetrical anticlines that intersect each other at their respective apices .
In a fold-thrust belt, the décollement is the lowest detachment [1] (see Fig 1.) and forms in the foreland basin of a subduction zone. [1] A fold-thrust belt may contain other detachments above the décollement—an imbricate fan of thrust faults and duplexes as well as other detachment horizons. In compressional settings, the layer directly ...