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Girra, god of fire in Akkadian and Babylonian records; Gibil, skilled god of fire and smithing in Sumerian records; Ishum, god of fire who was the brother of the sun god Shamash, and an attendant of Erra; Nusku, god of heavenly and earthly fire and light, and patron of the arts; Shamash, ancient Mesopotamian Sun god
The Buddhist Fire God "Katen" (火天) in Japanese art. Dated 1127 CE, Kyoto National Museum. In East Asian Buddhism, Agni is a dharmapāla and often classed as one of a group of twelve deities (Japanese: Jūniten, 十二天) grouped together as directional guardians. [147] In Japan, he is called "Katen" (火天).
Therefore, fire as an animate entity and active force was known as *h₁n̥gʷnis, while the inanimate entity and natural substance was named *péh₂ur (cf. Greek: πυρ, pyr; English: fire). [1] [2]
Gibil was the god of fire. [16] He could represent this element in its positive aspect, for example in association with furnaces and kilns, [5] and in this context could be treated as a tutelary deity of metallurgists. [7] However, he also represented fire as a cause of destruction. [5]
The fire of the forge was associated with the Greek god Hephaestus and the Roman equivalent Vulcan. These two seem to have served both as craft-guild patrons and as protectors against accidental fires in cities. Also associated with fire is the titanic god Prometheus, who stole fire for humans from the gods.
Ishum (Išum; possibly the masculine form of Akkadian išātum, "fire" [1]) was a Mesopotamian god of Akkadian origin. He is best attested as a divine night watchman, tasked with protecting houses at night, but he was also associated with various underworld deities, especially Nergal (or Erra) and Shubula.
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He is the god of fire in relation to the cardinal directions, just as the brazier for lighting fire is the center of the house or temple. [20] Xiuhtecuhtli was the patron god of the Aztec emperors, who were regarded as his living embodiment at their enthronement. [21] The deity was also one of the patron gods of the pochteca merchant class. [22]