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  2. Copiale cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copiale_cipher

    The Copiale cipher is a substitution cipher. It is not a 1-for-1 substitution but rather a homophonic cipher: each ciphertext character stands for a particular plaintext character, but several ciphertext characters may encode the same plaintext character. For example, all the unaccented Roman characters encode a space.

  3. List of cryptographers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptographers

    The list of ciphers in this work included both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter. Charles Babbage , UK, 19th century mathematician who, about the time of the Crimean War , secretly developed an effective attack against polyalphabetic substitution ciphers.

  4. List of ciphertexts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ciphertexts

    Copiale cipher: Solved in 2011 1843 "The Gold-Bug" cryptogram by Edgar Allan Poe: Solved (solution given within the short story) 1882 Debosnys cipher: Unsolved 1885 Beale ciphers: Partially solved (1 out of the 3 ciphertexts solved between 1845 and 1885) 1897 Dorabella Cipher: Unsolved 1903 "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" code by Arthur ...

  5. Universal composability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_composability

    The computation model of universal composability is that of interactive Turing machines that can activate each other by writing on each other's communication tapes. An interactive Turing machine is a form of multi-tape Turing machine and is commonly used for modelling the computational aspects of communication networks in cryptography.

  6. Information Sciences Institute - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Sciences_Institute

    The USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI) is a component of the University of Southern California (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering, and specializes in research and development in information processing, computing, and communications technologies.

  7. M-94 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-94

    In an extension of the same general principle, the M-138-A strip cipher machine, used by the US Army, Navy (as CSP-845), Coast Guard and State Department through World War II, featured hundreds of flat cardboard strips. Each strip contained a scrambled alphabet, repeated twice, that could be slid back and forth in a frame; with 30 being ...

  8. The 4 Best Wellness Resorts to Visit in 2025 - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/4-best-wellness-resorts...

    For people who just want some old-fashioned pampering. This much-loved property, with fans including Emily Ratajkowski and Bella Hadid, offers weeklong wellness retreats with experts such as red ...

  9. M-209 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-209

    The M-209. In cryptography, the M-209, designated CSP-1500 by the United States Navy (C-38 by the manufacturer) is a portable, mechanical cipher machine used by the US military primarily in World War II, though it remained in active use through the Korean War.