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Pennsylvania smartweed is a variable annual herb reaching 10 cm (3.9 in) to 2 m (6.6 ft) tall. The upright, ribbed stems are branching or unbranched. The lance-shaped leaves have a short petiole and a blade about 4–17 cm (1.6–6.7 in) long, sometimes up to 23 cm (9 in). The blade may be marked with a dark blotch.
Illustration from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804). Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae.Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds [2]: 436 or smartweeds. [3]
Persicaria lapathifolia (syn. Polygonum lapathifolium), known as pale persicaria, [2] is a plant of the family Polygonaceae.It is considered to be native throughout most of the world, from arctic to tropical realms, except South America and Southern Africa. [3]
Swamp smartweed is quite variable and is sometimes divided into several varieties, some of which may be better treated as species in their own right. [2] In general, swamp smartweed is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing upright or erect and approaching a maximum height of one meter (40 inches). Roots may emerge from nodes on the lower stem.
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The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus Polygonum , and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum . [ 2 ]
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Persicaria extremiorientalis, the east Asian smartweed, is a plant species in the buckwheat family, native to Japan, China, Korea, and far eastern Russia and introduced to the eastern United States where it is found from North Carolina to Massachusetts.