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  2. Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment

    The experiment used methane (CH 4), ammonia (NH 3), hydrogen (H 2), in ratio 2:2:1, and water (H 2 O). Applying an electric arc (simulating lightning) resulted in the production of amino acids. It is regarded as a groundbreaking experiment, and the classic experiment investigating the origin of life (abiogenesis).

  3. Ammonia solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_solution

    Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −

  4. Ammonia fountain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_fountain

    As a result, more water is forced into the container from another inlet creating a fountain effect. The demonstration introduces concepts like solubility and the gas laws at entry level. An ammonia fountain demonstration. A different gas of comparable solubility in water, such as hydrogen chloride, can be used instead of ammonia. [2]

  5. Ammonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

    Ammonia boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, but the liquid can often be handled in the laboratory without external cooling. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of ammonia in water.

  6. Haber process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process

    Fritz Haber, 1918. The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2] [3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:

  7. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    The noble gases do not react with water, but their solubility in water increases when going down the group. Argon atoms in water appear to have a first hydration shell composed of 16±2 water molecules at a distance of 280–540 pm, and a weaker second hydration shell is found out to 800 pm. Similar hydration spheres have been found for krypton ...

  8. Wöhler synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wöhler_synthesis

    Alternatively the reaction can be carried out with lead cyanate and ammonia. [4] The actual reaction taking place is a double displacement reaction to form ammonium cyanate: Pb(OCN) 2 + 2 NH 3 + 2 H 2 O → Pb(OH) 2 + 2NH 4 (OCN) Ammonium cyanate decomposes to ammonia and cyanic acid which in turn react to produce urea: NH 4 (OCN) → NH 3 ...

  9. Berthelot's reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berthelot's_reagent

    Phenol in the Berthelot reagent can be replaced by a variety of phenolic reagents, the most common being sodium salicylate, which is significantly less toxic. [1] This has been used for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determinations and commonly is used to determine water and soil total and ammonia-N. Replacement of phenol by 2-phenylphenol reduces interferences by a variety of soil and water ...