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Calculus of variations is concerned with variations of functionals, which are small changes in the functional's value due to small changes in the function that is its argument. The first variation [l] is defined as the linear part of the change in the functional, and the second variation [m] is defined as the quadratic part. [22]
In mathematics, variation of parameters, also known as variation of constants, is a general method to solve inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations.. For first-order inhomogeneous linear differential equations it is usually possible to find solutions via integrating factors or undetermined coefficients with considerably less effort, although those methods leverage heuristics that ...
The idea of solving minimization problems while restricting the values on the boundary can be further generalized by looking on function spaces where the trace is fixed only on a part of the boundary, and can be arbitrary on the rest. The next section presents theorems regarding weak sequential lower semi-continuity of functionals of the above ...
In the calculus of variations and classical mechanics, the Euler–Lagrange equations [1] are a system of second-order ordinary differential equations whose solutions are stationary points of the given action functional.
In the calculus of variations, a field of mathematical analysis, the functional derivative (or variational derivative) [1] relates a change in a functional (a functional in this sense is a function that acts on functions) to a change in a function on which the functional depends.
Following Antman (1983, p. 283), the definition of a variational inequality is the following one.. Given a Banach space, a subset of , and a functional : from to the dual space of the space , the variational inequality problem is the problem of solving for the variable belonging to the following inequality:
For complex equations, the annihilator method or variation of parameters is less time-consuming to perform. Undetermined coefficients is not as general a method as variation of parameters, since it only works for differential equations that follow certain forms. [1]
In science and especially in mathematical studies, a variational principle is one that enables a problem to be solved using calculus of variations, which concerns finding functions that optimize the values of quantities that depend on those functions.